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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Trends, population, and conservation of Corncrakes Crex crex in Austria (2016)
Auteurs :	Johannes Fruehauf, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (136(2-3, Sp. Iss.) 2016)
Article en page(s) :	93-105,106
Résumé :	The strong long-term decline of the species in Austria is not sufficiently documented, however it was associated with a massive loss of late mown meadows (FROHAUF 1997) which are decisive for successful breeding. Since 1989, censuses carried out in important Corncrake sites provided data which allow for the estimate of recent population trends.According to trend analysis with TRIM, the number of calling Corncrakes in Austria was 'stable', however with strong fluctuations and a decrease by 12 % (1990-2015). The results of autoregression models for the annual variation of the Corncrake index (1998-2014) strongly suggest that population size is not determined primarily by breeding success, but prevalently by immigration events occurring especially in years with more rainfall in May and higher temperature in April. Such conditions favour vegetation growth, thereby providing sufficient cover which is essential for territory establishment. As such conditions became significantly more frequent, they may have increasingly compensated for the ongoing loss of suitable breeding habitats. Also, immigration is the most plausible explanation for the large peaks observed in Corncrake numbers. Hence, the species has an unfavourable and even deteriorating conservation status in Austria, as its population (estimated at 150-500 calling males) is far from being self-sustaining.Since 1995, conservation action focused on increasing breeding success through the delay of mowing by one-year contracts and contracts for 5-7 years based on the 'conservation' scheme within the agri-environmental programme. Only 5-10 % of Austrian Corncrake territories may be covered by such measures, but they may have positively contributed to Corncrake trends in a few important sites. The main obstacles for sufficient conservation success were: insufficient payment levels lead to low acceptance by farmers; the 'conservation scheme does not properly support Vorncrake-friendly mowing' and the provision of 'early cover'; where one-year late mowing could not be replaced by multi-year contracts aiming at enduring habitat improvements, site occupancy by Corncrakes in subsequent years was low as well as cost-efficiency (because of considerable staff costs). The main challenges for Corncrake conservation in Austria are specified. They include focusing efforts on eleven key sites, which excel by habitat quality and habitat potential as they account for 55-70 % of the total population.

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