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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Kleptoparasitism in Common Terns Sterna hirundo as an indicator for food shortage
Auteurs :	Jan-Dieter Ludwigs, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (119(3-5) 1998)
Article en page(s) :	193-203
Résumé :	In the breeding season of 1996 intra-specific kleptoparasitism of Common Terns was studied at a colony on Minsener Oldeoog. The marked kleptoparasitism in 1996 was caused by very poor food supply. 15% of the observed feedings of the common Tern chicks were disturbed by kleptoparasitic terns of the same species. In 75% of these cases the fish was robbed from chicks during or shortly after feeding. In contrast, attacks in the air against fish-carrying adult Common Terns were hardly observed. The pirates showed a strong selectivity in relation to size and species of fish. The likelihood of kleptoparasitic attacks increased up to 80% with growing fish-size. Sandeels and clupeids were the most selected objects of attacks through kleptoparasites. As a direct effect of intra-specific kleptoparasitism single chicks were taken away by pirating Common Terns up to 15 m from the nest territory. Circumstances affecting the fishing ability of Common Terns, like unfavourable tidal stages and stormy winds, raised the number of intra-specific kleptoparasitic cases considerably. Consequently, marked intra-specific kleptoparasitism in a colony of Common Terns indicates food shortage. Apart from kleptoparasitism specialists, opportunistic pirates may diminish the feeding-success of other terns in the colony.

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