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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	"Born to be free" - an innovatory method of restitution and protection of endangered and isolated grouse populations (Tetraonidae)
Auteurs :	Andrzej Krzywinski, Auteur ; Marek Keller, Auteur ; Armin Kobus, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (134(1, Sp. Iss. SI) 2013)
Article en page(s) :	55-63
Résumé :	In the Kadzidlowo Wildlife Park a new method of release named "Born to,be free" was developed. Using this method a grouse female is put in an aviary located in a natural environment. The aviary has got small openings which enable the young birds to go outside from the very beginning of their live. The first experiments involved Lynx Lynx lynx, and in 2004 this method was used for Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix. The especially accustomed females together with the newly hatched nestlings were carried to heathland and put in small open-work aviaries, from which the chicks could go outside. During the following years the females were put in aviaries on heathland earlier, and so they built their nests there. It is very important for the mother hen to keep vocal contact with nestlings all the time. It was found that the chicks were very active looking for food, and came back to the mother hen for brooding and for the night. They reacted to her warning voice when a flying predator appeared.In 2008 attempts to rear Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus with the "born to be free" method were started using especially accustomed Black Grouse females. The young Capercaillies were kept in the forest until October. They were then caught and used to start a basic herd. It has previously been observed in Black Grouse that it is very important to cultivate a proper behaviour into nestlings, particularly against predators. In 2009, the first young (about two-and-half-month old) Capercallies reared with this method, together with an adult female, were transported to Lowland Silesian forests and were kept according to the scheme developed in Kadzidlowo until the natural release dispersion. The first five young birds (three males and two females) were introduced in such a way, and the mother, after the young had become independent, was carried back to Kadzidlowo.During the following three years release was continued, and 22 of 31 birds were equipped with radio transmitters. Almost all birds (30 out of 31 released) survived the first three months after release. This is a high success rate in comparison to the great losses that usually occur during the initial period when birds are released using traditional methods (captive-rearing). In summary, it seems that the presence of the mother is very important not only during the early period of nestlings' lives, but also later when the birds become independent as they do in nature. In 2012, for the first time seven young Black Grouse were introduced in the Mazurian Lake District by using the same method. All of them were equipped with telemetry GPS/GSM. Six birds survived the first three months.

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