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Titre :	Habitat choice of the Common Tern Sterna hirundo in eastern Germany
Auteurs :	Wolfgang Neubauer, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (119(3-5) 1998)
Article en page(s) :	169-180
Résumé :	In eastern Germany Common Tern colonies are found in the Bodden Sea of Vorpommern, in the lakes of Mecklenburg and in the pond area of the Lausitz, but no longer along rivers. Today about 20-25% of the population is breeding at man-made sites (mining lakes, gravel pits, artificial islands, rafts). Colonies up to 50 pairs are most common, but about 3/4 of the population is concentrated in a few big colonies of 100-600 pairs. The total breeding population was about 2500 in the late 1980s, but decreased to ca. 1500 pairs in 1994, mostly due to increased disturbance and predation pressure (e.g. by foxes). Breeding habitats were studied at 47 colony sites and supplemented by data from other colonies. Almost all Common Terns breed on islands. The safety from terrestrial predators is one of the most important factors for the suitability of a breeding site. Colonies are found either at sites without vegetation, or with fragmentary or dense plant cover. The substrate at unvegetated sites may consist of sand, fine gravel, mud or peat, sometimes also stones, concrete and others. Common Terns prefer short grassy vegetation, but a few scattered taller plants hardly reduce the value of a site. Such habitats are found mostly on islands grazed with cattle or sheep. Discontinuation of grazing causes plant succession and later desertion of the site by the terns. Foraging Common Terns mainly use inshore and Bodden waters, natural and artificial takes as well as fish-ponds, mostly up to 6 km distant from the colony sites (max. 10- 18 km). Communal breeding with Black-headed Gulls and other larids is due to similar habitat requirements (esp. with respect to protection from predators). Gulls are capable to displace Common Terns from the colony site. Some species of ducks, waders and grebes favour breeding in proximity to Common Terns and other larids.

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