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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus release projects in Germany after 1950-a review
Auteurs :	Ralf Siano, Auteur ; Siegfried Klaus, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (134(1, Sp. Iss. SI) 2013)
Article en page(s) :	3-18
Résumé :	Since 1950, more than 4,800 Capercaillies have been released in the course of 11 release projects in different parts of Germany. Eight projects have been finished, only three ate still in progress (Thuringia, Higher Sauerland and Lower Lusatia). In 2012 a new pilot study (translocation of wild birds) was started in Lower Lusatia, which is continued only after a critical assessment. Five out of ten release projects definitely failed (Harz, Ebbegebirge, Odenwald, Rhon, central Black Forest). In Thuringia and Higher Sauerland the currently very small populations are maintained because of continued releases, hi northern Black Forest the presence of individuals of the autochthonous population masked any effect of the releases. A positve population trend was observed in the Bohemian/Bavarian Forest, but that increase can not without doubt be attributed to the release experiment.The release of birds reared in captivity failed to be a successful method. Those birds suffered from physiological and ethological deficiencies such as insufficient predator detection, insufficient development of organs and muscles, reduced digestive ability (non-typical characteristics of digestive tract and microbial composition within caecum) and abnormal behaviour (e.g. aggressive males and tame birds), leading to very high mortality. Despite enormous efforts the rearing of Capercaillies qualifying for living in the wild proved to be challenging. Unless succeeding in developing appropriate rearing and training methods, which enable to get viable birds regarding digestion and behaviour, further releases of captive-reared Capercaillies appear to be useless and should not be started.Translocation of capercaillie caught in the wild gave much better results. Nevertheless, success can be expected only in large areas of adequate habitat quality supporting a population of at least 100 individuals. Supporting a metapopulation system instead of a single isolated remnant population is recommended.

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