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Ecologists and managers of natural resources readily acknowledge the importance of long-term studies and monitoring for improved understanding and management of complex environmental systems. Long-term data are crucially important for providing [...]
Article
Martin J. Westgate, Auteur ; Gene E. Likens, Auteur ; David B. Lindenmayer, AuteurAdaptive Management (AM) is widely considered to be the best available approach for managing biological systems in the presence of uncertainty. But AM has arguably only rarely succeeded in improving biodiversity outcomes. There is therefore an u[...]
Article
David B. Lindenmayer, Auteur ; Gene E. Likens, AuteurWe provide a broad overview of the underlying philosophy of ecological monitoring. We argue that the major characteristics of effective monitoring programs typically include: (1) Good questions. (2) A conceptual model of an ecosystem or populati[...]
Article
Alexander N. Glazer, Auteur ; Gene E. Likens, AuteurHyperarid, arid, and semi-arid lands represent over a third of the Earth's land surface, and are home to over 38 % of the increasing world population. Freshwater is a limiting resource on these lands, and withdrawal of groundwater substantially [...]
