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Titre :	Population development, range of distribution and population density of Common Cranes Grus grus in Germany and its federal states
Auteurs :	Wolfgang Mewes, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (131(2) 2010)
Article en page(s) :	75-92
Résumé :	A complete survey of the German Common Crane population has been performed by a large-scale network of volunteers for 30 years. Since 1991 it has been organized by the working group of Crane Conservation Germany.Common Cranes inhabit the North German plains and breed in the federal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg and Saxony. First occupations of breeding grounds were recorded for North Rhine-Westphalia and Thuringia, close to the distribution border, which runs through Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony. Isolated from the species range, single crane pairs breed in Bavaria.Since 1978 the breeding population has increased from about 700 to 7,000 pairs with a marked growth since the mid 1990s. The population density increased with the population growth, whereby the expansion to the north, west and south extends the former distribution range by around 80%. This corresponds to a maximum expansion of about 240 km to the west. Maximum expansion is noted for Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein. Most breeding pairs inhabit the federal states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg, corresponding to about 80% of the German population. The highest population density occurs on short distance in these two regions with up to 65 pairs/100 km(2).Reasons for the present development are: the adaptability of Common Cranes to variable environmental conditions, nature conservation, the diversity of breeding habitats being used, the high reproduction rate as well as changes in migratory and wintering behavior. In the southern part of their distribution, Common Cranes prefer post-mining landscape of the rehabilitation area of coal-mining for breeding. It remains uncertain to which extend the population development is influenced by climate change. The reproduction rate is likely to decrease due to dry periods during the breeding season of Common Cranes. It is assumed that changes in land use and particularly in agriculture are likely to have a negative impact on the population development.

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