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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	The Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis: in Mecklenburg and Pomerania from the end of the 18(th) until the middle of the 20(th) century
Auteurs :	Christof Herrmann, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (132(1) 2011)
Article en page(s) :	1-16
Résumé :	At the end of the 18(th) century, in the southern Baltic the Great Cormorant was a rather scarce visitor, but not a breeding bird. The species occur as a breeding bird at first around. 1775 in Denmark and a short time later, at the beginning of the 19(th) century, on the German Baltic coast. In the regions Mecklenburg and Pomerania, the first larger colonies were established on the southern coast of the island of Rugen (Drigge and on the Isle of Vilm). At the middle of the 19(th) century, large colonies were reported from different sites on the islands of Usedom and Wollin. From 1863 until 1902, the lower Odra valley and Lake Damm hosted large colonies in three different areas. In Mecklenburg, the Cormorant bred at least from the 1840s until 1887; historical breeding sites are known from the Lakes Muritz and Tollense, near Hohen Wieschendorf (Wismar Bay), at Lake Pinnow near to Schwerin, and in the vicinities of Wesenberg and Furstenberg in the Mecklenburg Lake distrikt.Due to heavy persecution the Cormorant had disappeared from much of its Baltic breeding range by the end of the 19(th) century. In Mecklenburg, the last colony was destroyed in 1887 at Lake Plau near Leisten. Only in the Prussian provinces Pomerania, West and East Prussia a few breeding colonies could survive. Especially the colonies near Ahrenshoop (c. 1900-1922), Pulitz (1921-1950), at the river Brahe near Prechlau (1894-1983; now part of Poland, Przechlewo nad Brda) and on islands in Lake Jassen (1914-1934; now part of Poland, Jezioro Jasien, district Koszalin) were important for the survival of the Cormorant in the Baltic Sea area.From the beginning of the 20(th) century onwards, it was increasingly accepted that also the Cormorant is a species worth protecting. The first protection measures were taken by the landowners of the breeding sites at Pulitz, Lake Jassen and at the river Brahe near Prechlau. These large estate owners tried to limit the growth of the colonies by controlled culling of birds, however, implemented the necessary protection measures to ensure that the colonies were not destroyed.The legal protection of the Great Cormorant was first implemented in Prussia in 1921, when the "Prussian Decree on the Protection of Animal and Plant Species" was issued. With the approval of the Nature Conservation Decree in 1936 the protection was extended to the whole of Germany. After World War II, the status of the Cormorant as a protected species continued in the legal acts of both German states (Nature Conservation Act of the GDR 1934; Federal Nature Conservation Act 1976).Nature reserves, which have been established with the aim of protecting the Cormorant, are: Pulitz (1937), Niederhof (1954), Lake Bola (1965). The colonies at the river Brahe near Prechlau and in the Kurow marshes were protected as nature reserves after World War 11 by the respective Polish authorities in 1956 and 1965, respectively.

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