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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	The so-called "gull problem" in Germany in the 20(th) century: historical development in Germany and population control on the Baltic Sea coast of the GDR
Auteurs :	Christof Herrmann, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (130(1) 2009)
Article en page(s) :	25-47
Résumé :	The establishment of bird sanctuaries was, in combination with other factors (e.g. improvement of food availability), an essential condition for the population growth of Herring, Common, and Black-headed Gulls on the North and Baltic Sea coasts during the 20(th) century. Since Herring and Common Gulls are also predators of eggs and chicks of other coastal bird species, nature conservationists soon began to consider them as a critical factor which was detrimental to the achievement of the goal of improving the populations of coastal bird species, especially of the less common species and the species that were less able to compete for breeding sites. At the end of the 1920s, it was almost a consensus among nature conservationists in Germany that the population control of Herring and Common Gulls would be necessary in order to "re-establish the balance of nature that has been disturbed by humans" In the 1970s, also Black-headed Gulls began to be controlled, since they were seen as competitors for nesting sites. In order to reduce the gull populations, eggs were collected, made infertile or replaced by artificial eggs. From the 1960s onwards thousands of adult breeding birds were killed using a-chloralose. However, at the beginning of the 1980s, it became increasingly, recognised that the impact of gulls on other species had been overestimated and that population control measures for gulls, as a conservation measure for terns and waders, were neither necessary nor successful. As a consequence, the activities were gradually stopped. Tie increased knowledge in the field Of Population ecology as well as the experiences from the history of the "gull problem" are not only, of historical interest, but also relevant to present day conservation measures. The lessons learned should form a basis for solutions for other bird Species Currently seen as a problem, Such as Great Cormorant, Common Raven and crows.

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