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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Population trend and current situation of the Common Tern Sterna hirundo at the Upper Rhine of Alsace and Baden
Auteurs :	Martin Boschert, Auteur ; Christian Dronneau, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (119(3-5) 1998)
Article en page(s) :	139-146
Résumé :	When the river Rhine was still in a wild state, Common Terns were common and widespread. The population decreased since the beginning of the regulation and canalization by Tulla in 1817. In the northern Upper Rhine valley Common Terns had probably disappeared completely as a breeding species. In the southern Rhine valley at least one colony still remained. Modern regulation of the Upper Rhine during the 1920s and especially since the 1950s with dam constructions for energy supply and increased gravel quarrying has provided new breeding habitats. This new supply of secondary breeding habitats resulted in an increase of Common Terns, which reoccupied several sites along the river Rhine. From 1963 to 1980 the breeding population fluctuated between 20 and 60 pairs. Since 1981 there was an annual increase up to a maximum of 161 pairs in 1995. In the 1990s the population fluctuated again, but seemed to be stabilizing at around 100 pairs. Since 1955, 23 breeding sites were discovered between Ludwigshafen in the north and Ottmarsheim in the south on gravel islands in the river Rhine (6), banks on gravel pits (5), artificial gravel banks on embankments and tips of peninsulas at constructions for energy supply (11), and an artificial breeding raft. The nine breeding sites away from the current river course are all situated near Muehlhausen/Alsace on gravel pits (gravel islands, breeding raft).

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