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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Influence of forest margins on the reproductive success of small hole-nesting birds
Auteurs :	Martin Weber, Auteur ; Hans Utschick, Auteur ; Werner Heitland, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Ornithologischer Anzeiger (48(2) OCT 2009)
Article en page(s) :	111-125
Résumé :	In 2007, 60 nest-boxes were placed in spruce stands of the Ebersberger Forst, 30 km east of Munich. The boxes were installed in clusters of five along transects at varying distances (20 m, 100 - 150 m, 700 - 1200 m) from the woodland margin and with spacing of either 10 m or 50 m between boxes within the clusters. Boxes were checked between April and July for Occupancy and breeding success. This was supplemented by recording of birds along the transects. Boxes were occupied by five bird species: Great Tits and Blue Tit (together 26 boxes), with Coal Tit, Nuthatch and Pied Flycatcher each in one box. The distribution of the dominant species, the Great Tit, was not influenced by distance from the woodland edge. The Blue Tit was however most frequent at the edge and was absent from central locations. Comparison of closely and widely spaced groups of boxes indicate that the closely spaced boxes were occupied by especially strong, dominant individuals. This occurred twice as often at the woodland edge as along the more central transects. Boxes near the edge also showed the highest occupancy, clutch and brood sizes and were occupied sooner than those in the centre. Recording of birds along the transects showed a similar pattern. In all months of the nesting season, the highest density of birds was recorded at the woodland margin, this being particularly pronounced for the Chaffinch, Blue Tit, Willow Warbler and Greenfinch. It is concluded that the woodland edge is more attractive than the centre. From the literature may be gathered that better habitat qualities at the margins are responsible.On the other hand, mortality rates at the woodland margin are higher as a consequence of higher predation and competition here. All nestlings in centrally placed boxes fledged successfully. Therefore, the reproductive contributions of woodland edge and central locations at the population level are similar.

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