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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Mating system in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus and its influence on breeding success.
Auteurs :	Thomas Zoellner, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (124(1) 2003)
Article en page(s) :	35-44
Résumé :	The mating system of Lapwings was investigated during 1996 - 2000 from early February to late June near the cities of Osnabrueck, Moers and Duisburg, NW Germany. Based on 47 full day observations with a total of 682 hours. I found that there is a difference in incubation, foraging and nest defence between partners of monogamous and polygynous matings during the breeding period. Annually, on average 37% of males were polygynous for the first clutch and 42.5% were paired synchronously with two females at least once during the breeding season. Secondary females, on average, laid their first egg three days after the first egg of primary females. Mating status of individual birds changed within a breeding season as well as between years. Polyandry and promiscuity did not occur. Nine of the females that arrived very late in one breeding season were confirmed to have had a failed clutch or chicks with another male during the same season. New females usually had the chance to lay their first eggs concurrently with others in a breeding colony because of timing differences in late clutches between the colonies. Synchronous laying allowed for more effective defense of clutches. The average time between clutch loss and a new first egg was seven days. Females produced up to four replacement clutches. Secondary clutches were produced by seven females after loss of chicks, by three females while still raising chicks (overlapping broods), and by one female after chicks of the frist brood had fledged. The daily duration of incubation was independent of clutch age and averaged 85% of daylight hours (n = 53 clutches). There was no difference between clutches of primary, secondary or monogamous females. As a general rule, the females took on the largest part of incubation (average of 68.5% of their daily time budget during daylight hours). Polygynous males devoted approximately 35% more time per day to incubation than their monogamous counterparts (ca. 17%). Males did not provide incubation support on 11 out of 110 days of clutch observation. Primary, secondary or monogamous females benefited about the same amount from participation of their males in incubation. Polygynous males usually supported either the primary or the secondary females more than the other (alpha female: 27%, beta female: 8%). With 23% the alpha females had a greater share in daily foraging than the beta females (14%). The beta females fully compensated for the lower incubation support by their mates. There was no detectable difference in the length of incubation intervals between sets of monogamous males and females, and sets of polygynous males with alpha and beta females, respectively. The average body mass of females decreased significantly during the breeding season. There was no significant difference in body mass between primary and secondary females or alpha and beta females. The amount of time spent in nest defense did not differ between monogamous and polygynous males and did not show, any relationship with clutch age.

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