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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Range expansion of the European Bee-Eater Merops apiaster into Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany
Auteurs :	Anita Bastian, Auteur ; Hans-Valentin Bastian, Auteur ; Joern Weiss, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (132(3) 2011)
Article en page(s) :	113-123
Résumé :	Objectives of the current study are to document colonisation of the European Bee-Eater in Rhineland-Palatinate, delivering an overview of species status and distribution as well as the dynamics of its expansion, and to compare the findings with study results from other German populations. Since 2002, the European Bee-Eater has established a stable population of actually (2011) 105 breeding pairs in Rhineland-Palatinate. Broods that were recorded between 1990 and 2000 had never led to stable populations in Rhineland-Palatinate. The breeding population here is now larger than those in Sachsen-Anhalt and the Kaiserstuhl area have been after a similar time period. However, the recent colonization started about 10 years later than the colonisation in Sachsen-Anhalt and the Kaiserstuhl area. One ringing record of a Bee-Eater banded in Sachsen-Anhalt and re-trapped at a breeding colony in Rhineland-Palatinate demonstrates an exchange between both breeding populations. Within Rhineland-Palatinate, the warm areas of the \"Vorderpfalz\" were populated first, but since 2008 the species spread out also in more western and northern areas. We found an average population increase of 39% (compound annual growth rate) for the Rhineland-Palatinate population, which is as large as those recorded in Sachsen-Anhalt (CAGR: 43%) and the Kaiserstuhl population (CAGR: 38%).The arrival time of Bee-Eaters at an intensively studied colony in Rhineland-Palatinate was May 13th (ten years average), the departure time September 2nd (seven years average), so they spent approx. 115 days at the breeding ground. Cold and wet weather conditions considerably influence the arrival as well as the duration of stay at the breeding site. Within the 10-year study we found differences in departure time of up to four weeks, and we discuss this question in the light of the special weather situation in those extreme years. Beside the weather conditions, the synchronisation of the arrival time at the breeding place and the synchronisation of the total breeding time seem to be dependent on the colony size, too. We found a good synchronisation when colony size did not exceed 15-20 BP, whereas in larger breeding colonies arrival and fledging time was not synchronous.As Bee-Eaters usually breed in man-made (secondary) habitats where other interests are also pursued, consequences and possible conservation measures for species and habitat protection are discussed.

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