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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Breeding population, nest site competition, reproduction and feeding ecology of Hoopoe Upupa epops in the upper Rhine valley, SW Germany.
Auteurs :	Christian Stange, Auteur ; Peter Havelka, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (124(1) 2003)
Article en page(s) :	25-34
Résumé :	After a strong decline since the 1960s, only three relict populations of Hoopoes remained in Baden-Wuerttemberg, SW Germany. In two of these areas, Kaiserstuhl and Markgraeflerland, population trends and reproduction of Hoopoes were studied from 1993 to 2002. As part of a conservation project nest-boxes were installed in vineyards since 1996. Meanwhile nearly the whole population breeds in nest-boxes. In the Kaiserstuhl study area the Hoopoe population increased from 3 pairs in 1993 to 14 breeding pairs in 2002; mean clutch size increased from 6,2 to 8.4 eggs und hatching rate increased from 76 to 86%. The most important species for Hoopoe nestling diet in the Kaiserstuhl are mole crickets Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, grubs of cockchafers Melolontha spec. and caterpillars of certain moths (Noctuidae). Prey availability probably increased in recent years due to reduced application of insecticides and almost complete restoration of ground vegetation in the vineyards. A mosaic of periodically mowed ground vegetation allows Hoopoes to search for food; tall vegetation in over-fertilised orchards is only useable after mowing. In the study area Markgraeflerland, mean clutch size and hatching rate remained constant during the study period, partly because of disturbance at nest sites and less favourable feeding grounds. At successful breeding sites, an average of 5.2 and 4.1 young fledged per year in Kaiserstuhl and Markgraeflerland, respectively (note that this is not equivalent to mean annual reproduction per pair, because failed and replacement clutches were fully taken into account). Competitors for nest boxes are mainly Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and Great Tits Parus major. Putting up small nex-boxes for tits reduced competition with Hoopoes. The main goal of the conservation project is to restore a stable population of Hoopoes as a characteristic breeder in a rich vineyard landscape with orchards and meadows. Habitat management will benefit not only Hoopoe, but also Little Owl Athene noctua, Wryneck Jynx torquilla, Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator, Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus and many other species typical of this ecosystem.

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