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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Translocation of Russian Western Capercaillies Tetrao urogallus to Thuringia
Auteurs :	Christoph Unger, Auteur ; Siegfried Klaus, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (134(1, Sp. Iss. SI) 2013)
Article en page(s) :	43-54
Résumé :	Between 1999 and 2003, 145 Western Capercaillies caught in the wild in Russia were translocated to the Schiefergebirge area of Thuringia (Germany). The birds came from the Yaroslavl' and Kostroma areas, c. 260 and 320 km NE Of Moscow.Control of the project's success was carried out by radio telemetry. Between 1999 and 2002 a total of 25 Capercaillies were equipped with transmitters. The establishment of home range sizes was carried out using the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and Kernel methods. Information on 16 birds (seven males and nine females) was used in the radio telemetry data evaluation. Each bird was independently localized at least 30 times and had survived at least two months. With a median home range (MCP) of 436 ha (mean: 844 ha), males had significantly smaller home ranges than females, with a median of 857 ha (mean: 1,008 ha).The median of the maximum distance from the release site was 3,157 m for all birds (mean: 4,407 m). The difference between the sexes was not statistically significant.The survival period was established for 19 males and 14 females. The median survival period of all Capercaillies caught in Russia whose transmitter data could be evaluated (n = 25), combined with additional ring recoveries (n = 8), was 100 days (mean: 286 days). A comparison of the survival period of these 33 birds with 33 Capercaillies released into the wild from a breeding project in Thuringia showed a highly significant difference. The median survival period of the latter birds was 17 days (mean: 25 days). This comparison proved that birds caught in the wild are far more suitable for supporting a population and in reintroduction projects.From 1999 to 2007, the loss of 21 males and 16 females was registered. 81% of male (17 birds) and 56 % of female losses (nine birds) were caused by Red Fox Vulpes vulpes or Mantes spec. A further 14% of males (three birds) and 31 % of females (five birds) were taken by Goshawks Accipiter gentilis, while the remainder collided with forestry fences (one male and two females).By employing radio telemetry and direct observations, the use by the Russian Capercaillies of traditional structures (leks, wintering centres) that had always been used by the autochthonous population was confirmed. Two new leks were established at traditional sites, where a maximum of three displaying males was observed in the course of eight years. On at least eight different sites territorial behaviour by males was observed during the study period.Alongside radio telemetry, population monitoring was also carried out in selected centres of occurrence, employing both sight records and indirect indications (droppings, feathers, tracks, and sand-bathing places). The maximum total population in the Thuringia Schiefergebirge was estimated to be 7-9 birds in 2012. Successful breeding could be confirmed in only seven cases during the period 2000-2008.

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