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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Food availability and habitat requirements of the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
Auteurs :	Rainer Oppermann, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwelt (Die) (120(1) 1999)
Article en page(s) :	7-25
Résumé :	Habitat utilisation of Whinchat and food availability and vegetation structure in different types of grasslands in south-western Germany were studied over several years. The following results relevant to the species' feeding ecology were obtained: 1. The food availability in tall herbal vegetation ("Hochstaudenfluren") and litter/straw meadows ("Streuwiesen") attains a high level during the feeding period of Whinchat and remains constant over the whole period. The food availability in hay and silage meadows ("Futterwiesen") does only reach the threshold in a few cases or decreases rapidly during the breeding season. This is due to intensive agriculture with early and repeated mowing. However, a few less intensively used meadows exist, which provide a sufficient food availability for Whinchats during the whole breeding period. 2. While "Hochstaudenfluren" and "Streuwiesen" show different and characteristic seasonal variation in food availability, this was not found in "Futterwiesen". 3.Measures to extensify a "Futterwiese" which was previously used very intensively (type Angelica-Cirsietum oleracei) showed good success in the period 1989-1996: richness of invertebrates as well as various vegetation parameters developed towards a species-rich meadow (type Cirsietum rivularis). 4. There is a clear relationship between Whinchat habitat use and food availability. 5. There is a synchronisation between egg laying and the timing of breeding on the one hand and the development of weather, food availability and vegetation on the other hand. Maximum food availability occurs when feeding activities of the Whinchats are most intensive. The habitat use of various types of vegetation (arable land, different types of grassland, set-asides) by the Whinchat is shown for the whole breeding period in the study areas in southwestern Germany. For restoration of Whinchat populations the following measures are recommended: efforts should be focussed especially on the remaining large populations; to achieve a better food availabilityavailability large-scale non-intensive farming is needed; non-intensive farming on wide grassland areas should start with lowering nutrient concentrations by cutting or grazing. This leads to a greater diversity in vegetation and consequently to a richer invertebrate fauna.

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