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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	[Consequences of legal and illegal persecution on goshawk Accipiter gentilis populations in southern Bavaria.]
Auteurs :	Rudolf Rust, Auteur ; Tino Mischler, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Ornithologischer Anzeiger (40(2-3) Oktober, 2001)
Article en page(s) :	113-136
Résumé :	This paper deals with extent and effects of human persecution and disturbance in goshawk populations in 3 control areas of southern Bavaria from 1960 to 2000. Up to now there is still massive persecution, with core areas in Upper and Lower Bavaria. Illegal persecution pertains throughout the year since the onset of our investigations, with documentation of 702 cases. Legal protection, since 1971, does not show sufficient effect, as the intensity of persecution has increased again since the early 80ies. 8 main types of illegal persecution are treated in detail. Mode, extension and direction of persecution are altered during the year's course. During the 90ies there is an increase in such disturbances which prevent goshawks from breeding, especially persecution modes like removal of males or females at the onset of breeding. After total numbers of illegally removed goshawks declined shortly after 1970 along with inforcement of full protection status, again they started to increase from the 80ies onward in the 3 study areas. Legal persecution is still allowed by the lower hunting authorities and can be calculated rather well from official numbers of allowances for trapping and shooting. These data show that at least 700 goshawks were allowed to be removed between 1978 and 2000 from our control areas. There is a negative correlation between trapping quota and population trend, combined with disturbance of the natural ratio of age classes. Lowest breeding pair densities occur just in these districts where high trapping quota, both legal and illegal, are noted. In the very same districts there is a high number of unoccupied territories as well as a yearly change of females in the still occupied ones. Parallel to this development, the status of the female breeding goshawks has changed from low to high percentage of unexperienced breeders ("Einmalbrueter"), increasing especially in the last 2 decades (Table 4). Example: 1996: 34.8%, 2000: 64.5% unexperienced breeders. This means, two thirds of all female breeders are prone to failure and have to be replaced by others in the turnover of a year. As this is no longer possible, we register an increasing number of abandoned territories in the control areas. Legal trapping alone takes almost as many goshawks from the population as are produced yearly. Trapping and hunting both act as strong limiting factors on qualitative and quantitative composition of the goshawk population. A considerable number of lower hunting authorities allows trapping without sufficient foregoing investigation about prey spectrum of the goshawks in the relevant area. High trapping quota due to easily given permissions counteract the exceptional status of such allowances. Thus the law of protecting this raptor cannot be reinforced.

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