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Article
Elena L. Zvereva, Auteur ; Mikhail V. Kozlov, AuteurThe evolution of defensive traits and strategies depends on the intensity of selection imposed by natural enemies and on the fitness costs of defenses against these enemies. We tested several hypotheses about the evolution of chemical defenses i[...]
Article
Elena L. Zvereva, Auteur ; Mikhail V. Kozlov, Auteur1. Premature abscission of leaves damaged by herbivores can increase the degree of defoliation beyond that imposed directly by insect feeding. Our aim was to explore the general patterns and sources of variation in the effects of insect herbivor[...]
Article
Mikhail V. Kozlov, Auteur ; Tero Klemola, Auteur
Article
Pollution impacts on bird population density and species diversity at four non-ferrous smelter sites
Tapio Eeva, Auteur ; Eugen Belskii, Auteur ; Alex S. Gilyazov, Auteur ; Mikhail V. Kozlov, AuteurNon-ferrous smelters pose a potential hazard for breeding bird populations, but comprehensive analyses of the impacts on bird population densities around smelter sites are currently lacking. We measured with point counts bird population densitie[...]
