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Résumé :
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During the 133. International Annual Meeting of the German Ornithologists Society held in Leipzig, the author, president of NABU, the German partner of BirdLife International, showed the importance of ornithology for nature conservation during the past 150 years. From its foundation in 1899, NABU (at this time "Bond fur Vogelschutz", German Society for Bird Conservation), worked very close with the leading ornithologists. Their scientific results, e.g. in the field of bird migration, were the basis of modern nature conservation and bird protection. Early in the beginning of the twentieth century, NABU lobbied for better bird conservation legislation on the national as well as on the international level. Beginning with the "Paris Convention" (1902), the `'Ramsar Convention" (1971), the "Convention on Migratory Species" (Bonn Convention, 1979) and the Birds Directive of the European Union (1979), ornithologists and nature conservationists have together succeeded in lobbying for butter protection of birds over the boundaries. Examples of modern nature conservation campaigns are presented, e.g. the 'Bird of the Year' campaign of NABU. Nevertheless, the paper shows that still many important scientific questions have to be cleared in order to translate them into nature conservation measures, e.g. questions of the effects of hunting pressure and disturbance, the impacts by "disco beamers", electronic smog, and of offshore wind energy plants.
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