| Titre : | Latitudinal variation in day length and working day length has a confounding effect when comparing nest attentiveness in tropical and temperate species |
| Auteurs : | Phil Shaw, Auteur ; Will Cresswell, Auteur |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | Journal of Ornithology (155(2) APR 2014) |
| Article en page(s) : | 481-489 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Résumé : | During incubation, tropical passerines have been shown to have lower levels of nest attentiveness than their counterparts at north temperate latitudes, spending a higher percentage of daylight time off the nest. This difference has been interpreted as evidence of parental restraint; tropical birds allocate more time to daily self-maintenance, perhaps preserving their higher annual survival rates and future breeding potential. But such comparisons are susceptible to the confounding effects of day length variation, because a given amount of time spent off the nest will account for a greater percentage of daylight time near to the equator than at high latitudes during spring and summer. Based on a pattern of increasing day length between 0 degrees and 70 degrees N, we show that the impact of this bias is likely to be small where sites are separated by less than 30 degrees-40 degrees of latitude, but should increase substantially both with latitudinal span and distance from the equator. To illustrate this effect, we compared nest attentiveness in two congeners breeding at 1 degrees S and 52 degrees N. During incubation, Stripe-breasted Tits Parus fasciiventer in Uganda had a shorter working day (time from emerging to retiring) than north temperate Great Tits P. major, and spent a higher percentage of daylight time off the nest (32 %) than Great Tits in the UK (24 %). However, this difference was almost wholly explained by the latitudinal difference in day length; the amount of time spent off the nest differed by just 10 min day(-1) ( |
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