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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves : Trochilidae)
Auteurs :	K. L. Schuchmann, Auteur ; A. A. Weller, Auteur ; I. Heynen, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Journal of Ornithology (142(4) OCT 2001)
Article en page(s) :	433-481
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	With 11 currently recognised species, the genus Eriocnemis (Reichenbach, 1849) is one of the most diversified Andean trochilid groups occupying mainly open montane habitats such as the edges of cloud forest or paramos. On the basis of distributional and morphological patterns, this study highlights the geographical variation and biogeography of the taxon. Characteristics common to all these species are the greenish dorsal plumage, the conspicuous and mostly whitish tibial tufts, and a fairly pronounced tail bifurcation. With the help of plumage synapomorphies for a cladistic analysis (PAUP*), several species groups or superspecies can be distinguished: the E. vestitus group (incl. E. vestitus, E. godini, E. nigrivestis), the E. luciani group (incl. E. luciani, E. cupreoventris, E. sapphiropygia), and the E. alinae group (incl. E. alinae, E. mirabilis). E. glaucopoides, E. mosquera, and E. derbyi differ quite widely in morphology and ecological requirements from the other species. Three new subspecies are described, E. vestitus arcosi from southern Ecuador and northern Peru, and E. luciani baptistae from central and southern Ecuador. A previously overlooked specimen of E. luciani from the Andes of Merida represents the first species record for Venezuela, about 1100 kin northeast of the main population range, and should be recognised taxonomically as E. luciani meridae, subsp. nov., on the basis of its unique plumage morphology and geographical separation. Additionally, the unique type of E. ventralis (Salvin, 1891) is probably of hybrid origin (E. vestitus x cupreoventris). The genus may have evolved in the northern Andes, subsequently spreading southward and invading the central Andes. Its recent range and phylogenetic patterns indicate vicariance events as the major speciation factor in Eriocnemis.

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