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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Vocalisations of Firecrests from the islands of Madeira and Mallorca (Regulus ignicapillus madeirensis, R-i. balearicus)
Auteurs :	M. Packert, Auteur ; J. Martens, Auteur ; T. Hofmeister, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Journal of Ornithology (142(1) JAN 2001)
Article en page(s) :	16-29
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	The vocal repertoire of two island populations of the Firecrest (R. ignicapillus) was studied. The song structure of R. i. balearicus from Mallorca does not differ from that of nominate ignicapillus, although intra- and interindividual variation of song types in Mallorca is higher than within continental populations, i. e. individual males use higher numbers of song types than nominate ignicapillus in Central Europe. Several song types are terminated by distinct element groups strongly resembling song structures of North African R. i. laeneni. The fixation of relatively rare element types and song patterns compared to Central European R. i. ignicapillus is explained by drift effects. The song repertoire of the individual R. i. madeirensis male is reduced to only one song type. This is divided into three phrases, two of them consisting of modified display and rage calls. While those song elements resemble innate calls, the reduction of learning opportunities which went along with the colonisation of Madeira is thought to be the main cause for the evolution of the Madeiran song type. Display calls are used in territorial contexts and differ greatly from those of other Firecrest subspecies in covering a larger frequency range and in including additional harmonics. Display calls are suspected to be a homologon of the excitement calls of nominate ignicapillus, the "weija" note, which is also produced in subsong. Field experiments corroborate the evidence of a wide gap between R. i. madeirensis and nominate ignicapillus song. Song and calls of R. i. madeirensis do not evoke a notable territorial reaction in Central European R. i. ignicapillus, while the Madeiran Firecrests show strong reaction to the playback of Central and South-East European song types (ssp. ignicapillus and caucasicus). Consequently, R. i. madeirensis is the only population of the Firecrest studied so far which differs considerably with respect to vocalisations from all four subspecies of R. ignicapillus.

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