| Titre : | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37 - 2006 |
| Type de document : | Bulletin |
| Paru le : | 00/00/0000 |
Dépouillements
Article
Genetic architecture, the structure of the mapping from genotype to phenotype, determines the variational properties of the phenotype and is instrumental in understanding its evolutionary potential. Throughout most of the history of evolutionary[...]
Article
Peter B. Reich, Auteur ;
Bruce A. Hungate, Auteur ;
Yiqi Luo, Auteur
Interactions involving carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) likely modulate terrestrial ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (M) levels at scales from the leaf to the globe and from the second to the century. In particular, response[...]
Article
William E. Snyder, Auteur ;
Edward W. Evans, Auteur
Arthropod generalist predators (AGP) are widespread and abundant in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They feed upon herbivores, detritivores, and predators, and also on plant material and detritus. In turn, AGP serve as prey for larger p[...]
Article
Barry Sinervo, Auteur ;
Ryan Calsbeek, Auteur
We outline roles of frequency-dependent selection (FDS) in coadaptation and coevolutionary change. Coadaptation and coevolution occur because correlational selection (CS) and correlated evolution couple many traits. CS arises from causal interac[...]
Article
The selective mechanisms for maintaining polymorphism in natural populations has been the subject of theory, experiments, and review over the past half century. Advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided new insight into many example[...]
Article
Chris Simon, Auteur ;
Thomas R. Buckley, Auteur ;
Francesco Frati, Auteur ;
James B. Stewart, Auteur ;
Andrew T. Beckenbach, Auteur
DNA data has been widely used in animal phylogenetic studies over the past 15 years. Here we review how these studies have used advances in knowledge of molecular evolutionary processes to create more realistic models of evolution, evaluate the [...]
Article
Hanna Kokko, Auteur ;
Michael D. Jennions, Auteur ;
Robert Brooks, Auteur
Sexual reproduction is associated with the evolution of anisogamy and sperm-producing males and egg-laying females. The ensuing competition for mates has led to sexual selection and coevolution of the sexes. Mathematical models arc extensively u[...]
Article
Bette L. Willis, Auteur ;
Madeleine J. H. van Oppen, Auteur ;
David J. Miller, Auteur ;
Steve V. Vollmer, Auteur ;
David J. Ayre, Auteur
The importance of hybridization in the evolution of plant species is widely accepted, but its contributions to animal species evolution remain less recognized. Here we review evidence that hybridization has contributed to the evolution of reef c[...]
Article
Birth-death models, and their subsets-the pure birth and pure death models-have a long history of use for informing thinking about macroevolutionary patterns. Here we illustrate with examples the wide range of questions they have been used to ad[...]
Article
Zoe G. Cardon, Auteur ;
Daniel J. Gage, Auteur
The interface between living plant roots and soils (the rhizosphere) is a central commodities exchange, where organic carbon flux from roots fuels decomposers that, in turn, can make nutrients available to roots. This ongoing exchange operates i[...]
Article
Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predicted from global warming an[...]
Article
Yvonne Willi, Auteur ;
Josh Van Buskirk, Auteur ;
Ary A. Hoffmann, Auteur
Small populations are predicted to have reduced capacity to adapt to environmental change for two reasons. First, population genetic models indicate that genetic variation and potential response to selection should be positively correlated with [...]
Article
Michael E. Alfaro, Auteur ;
Mark T. Holder, Auteur
Bayesian analysis has enjoyed explosive growth in phylogenetics over the past five ears. Accompanying this popularity has been increased focus on the meaning of the posterior probability (PP) and the role of the prior in phylogenetic inference. [...]
Article
Anne D. Yoder, Auteur ;
Michael D. Nowak, Auteur
Madagascar is one of the world's hottest biodiversity hot spots due to its diverse, endemic, and highly threatened biota. This biota shows a distinct signature of evolution in isolation, both in the high levels of diversity within lineages and i[...]
Article
Matthew B. Jones, Auteur ;
Mark P. Schildhauer, Auteur ;
O. J. Reichman, Auteur ;
Shawn Bowers, Auteur
Bioinformatics, the application of computational tools to the management and analysis of biological data, has stimulated rapid research advances in genomics through the development of data archives such as GenBank, and similar progress is just b[...]
Article
Brian Helmuth, Auteur ;
Nova Mieszkowska, Auteur ;
Pippa Moore, Auteur ;
Stephen J. Hawkins, Auteur
Long-term monitoring shows that the poleward range edges of intertidal biota have shifted by as much as 50 km per decade, faster than most recorded shifts of terrestrial species. Although most studies have concentrated on species-range edges, re[...]
Article
David R. Schiel, Auteur ;
Michael S. Foster, Auteur
Seaweed population biology has received far less attention than trophic dynamics, yet is critically important in establishing and maintaining algal communities. Complex life histories of habitat-forming kelps and fucoids, including spores, gamet[...]
Article
Cheryl-Lesley B. Chetkiewicz, Auteur ;
Colleen Cassady St Clair, Auteur ;
Mark S. Boyce, Auteur
Corridors are commonly used to connect fragments of wildlife habitat, yet the identification of conservation corridors typically neglects processes of habitat selection and movement for target organisms. corridor designs often are based on binar[...]
Article
Jeffery P. Demuth, Auteur ;
Michael J. Wade, Auteur
The role of epistasis in evolution has long been contentious. Resolving the issue requires empirical measurements that are statistically adequate and evolutionarily relevant. We review experimental methods for measuring epistasis, some that are [...]
Article
Laura D. Mydlarz, Auteur ;
Laura E. Jones, Auteur ;
C. Drew Harvell, Auteur
Despite progress in the past decade, researchers struggle to evaluate the hypothesis that environmental conditions compromise immunity and facilitate new disease outbreaks. In this chapter, we review known immunological mechanisms for selected p[...]
Article
Paul L. Koch, Auteur ;
Anthony D. Barnosky, Auteur
Between fifty and ten thousand years ago, most large mammals became extinct everywhere except Africa. Slow-breeding animals also were hard hit, regardless of size. This unusual extinction of large and slow-breeding animals provides some of the s[...]
