| Titre : | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39 - 2008 |
| Type de document : | Bulletin |
| Paru le : | 00/00/0000 |
Dépouillements
Article
Foodwebs are important units of biodiversity, and yet, our knowledge of their spatial dynamics is sketchy at best. Here I attempt to synthesize existing knowledge into a framework that call both identify crucial gaps ill the theory as well as fa[...]
Article
Herbivores not only consume resources, but they are resources for other consumers. Consequently, they have much potential to mediate effects that cascade tip and down trophic chains in ecosystems. The way those effects are mediated depends on in[...]
Article
Considerable progress has been made in documenting evidence of very early plants starting in the basal Ordovician employing dispersed spore, phytodebris, and mesofossil data. Microfossil evidence is sparse until Late Silurian, but recent new dat[...]
Article
Christian Peter Klingenberg, Auteur
Biological systems, from molecular complexes to whole organisms and ecological interactions, tend to have a modular organization. Modules are sets of traits that are internally integrated by interactions anion traits, but are relatively independ[...]
Article
Edward Allen Herre, Auteur ;
K. Charlotte Jander, Auteur ;
Carlos Alberto Machado, Auteur
Over the past decade a proliferation of research has enriched and dramatically altered our understanding of the biology of figs, their pollinator wisps, and the myriad of other organisms that depend oil them. Ecologically, this work Underscores [...]
Article
Kevin J. Gaston, Auteur ;
Sarah E. Jackson, Auteur ;
Lisette Cantu-Salazar, Auteur ;
Gabriela Cruz-Pinon, Auteur
Protected areas are a cornerstone of local, regional, and global strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. However, the ecological performance of these areas, both in terms of the representation and the maintenance of key biodiversity fea[...]
Article
Rather than being fixed, pathogen transmission varies and is thus an object of natural selection. I examine how opportunities for selection oil pathogen transmission depend on (a) pathogen fitness, (b) genetic variability, and (c) forces acting [...]
Article
After a 12-million-year (My) process, the Central American Isthmus was completed 2.8 My ago. Its emergence affected current flow, salinity, temperature, and primary productivity of the Pacific and the Atlantic and launched marine organisms of th[...]
Article
Males in many species invest substantially in structures that are used in combat with rivals over access to females. These weapons can attain extreme proportions and have diversified in form repeatedly I review empirical literature oil the funct[...]
Article
Rich Mooi, Auteur ;
Bruno David, Auteur
The strangeness of echinoderm pentaradiality results from superposition of radial symmetry onto ancestral deuterostome bilaterality. The Extraxial-Axial Theory shows that echinoderms also have an anterior/posterior (A/P) axis developed independe[...]
Article
Debate has long simmered over whether data on the order of appearance of taxa in the stratigraphic record should play any role in analyses of phylogenetic relationships among those taxa. Critics argue that temporal data are in principle inapplic[...]
Article
Fabrizio Sergio, Auteur ;
Tim Caro, Auteur ;
Danielle Brown, Auteur ;
Barbara Clucas, Auteur ;
Jennifer Hunter, Auteur ;
James Ketchum, Auteur ;
Katherine McHugh, Auteur ;
Fernando Hiraldo, Auteur
We review the ecological rationale behind the potential compatibility between top predators and biodiversity conservation, and examine their effectiveness as surrogate species. Evidence suggests that top predators promote species richness or are[...]
Article
Bruce E. Lyon, Auteur ;
John McA Eadie, Auteur
Conspecific brood parasitism (CBP), whereby females lay eggs in the nests of other conspecifics, occurs in over 200 species of birds. As an alternative tactic to typical nesting, CBP expands and enriches the classic avian clutch size problem. It[...]
Article
Ary A. Hoffmann, Auteur ;
Loren H. Rieseberg, Auteur
There is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. Comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. Population models [...]
Article
The ability to adapt to marginal habitats, in which survival and reproduction are initially poor, plays a crucial role in the evolution of ecological niches and species ranges. Adaptation to marginal habitats may be limited by genetic, developme[...]
Article
Species extinction is both a key process throughout the history of life and a pressing concern in the conservation of present-day biodiversity. These two facets have largely been studied by separate communities using different approaches. This a[...]
Article
Though the distribution of global vegetation can generally be predicted from climate, grasslands are an exception. C(4) grassy biomes cover vast areas that are warm enough and wet enough to support closed forests. The extent of this climate mism[...]
Article
Arguably the most notable success of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is that listed species improve in status through time. More species are down-listed thin the converse; more species transition from stable to improving status than the convers[...]
Article
Elena Litchman, Auteur ;
Christopher A. Klausmeier, Auteur
Trait-based approaches are increasingly used in ecology. Phytoplankton communities, with a rich history, as model systems in community, ecology, are ideally suited for applying and further developing these concepts. Here we summarize the essenti[...]
Article
Larry B. Crowder, Auteur ;
Elliott L. Hazen, Auteur ;
Naomi Avissar, Auteur ;
Rhema Bjorkland, Auteur ;
Catherine Latanich, Auteur ;
Matthew B. Ogburn, Auteur
Fishing remains one of the largest factors modifying marine ecosystems. Because fisheries constitute only one of many anthropogenic effects, management is shifting from single-species approaches toward ecosystem-based management. Interaction web[...]
Article
Paul F. Hendrix, Auteur ;
Mac A. Callaham, Auteur ;
John M. Drake, Auteur ;
Ching-Yu Huang, Auteur ;
Sam W. James, Auteur ;
Bruce A. Snyder, Auteur ;
Weixin Zhang, Auteur
Introduced exotic earthworms now occur in every biogeographic region in all but the driest or coldest habitat types on Earth. The global distribution of a few species (e.g., Pontoscolex corethrurus) was noted by early naturalists, but now approx[...]
Article
Fernando Valladares, Auteur ;
Uelo Niinemets, Auteur
Light gradients ire ubiquitous in nature, so all plants are exposed to some degree of shade during their lifetime. The minimum light required for survival, shade tolerance, is a crucial life-history trait that plays a major role in plant communi[...]
Article
Michael I. Coates, Auteur ;
Marcello Ruta, Auteur ;
Matt Friedman, Auteur
The traditional notion of a gap between fishes and amphibians has been closed by a wealth of fish-like fossil tetrapods, many discovered since the mid 1980s. This review summarizes these discoveries and explores their significance relative to ch[...]
Article
E. Toby Kiers, Auteur ;
R. Ford Denison, Auteur
There are both costs and benefits for host plants that associate with microbes in the rhizosphere. Typically, all individual plant associates with multiple microbial genotypes varying in mutualistic benefit. This creates a potential tragedy of t[...]
Article
Floral scent constitutes ail ancient and important channel of communication between flowering plants, their pollinators, and enemies. Fragrance is a highly complex component of floral phenotype, with dynamic patterns of emission and chemical com[...]
Article
Stephen I. Wright, Auteur ;
Peter Andolfatto, Auteur
Species in the Drosophila and Arabidopsis species groups share the feature of having relatively small, streamlined genomes. In Drosophila, evidence for pervasive negative and positive selection is overturning long-held views about the functional[...]
