| Titre : | Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 40 - 2009 |
| Type de document : | Bulletin |
| Paru le : | 00/00/0000 |
Dépouillements
Article
Laurent Excoffier, Auteur ;
Matthieu Foll, Auteur ;
Remy J. Petit, Auteur
Although range expansions have Occurred recurrently in the history of most species, their genetic consequences have been little investigated. Theoretical studies show that range expansions are quite different from pure demographic expansions and[...]
Article
Bruce Walsh, Auteur ;
Mark W. Blows, Auteur
Evolutionary biology has struggled to explain the coexistence of two basic observations: Genetic variation is found in almost all traits in the presence of strong natural and sexual selection in natural populations. These two observations are in[...]
Article
Nadia D. Singh, Auteur ;
Amanda M. Larracuente, Auteur ;
Timothy B. Sackton, Auteur ;
Andrew G. Clark, Auteur
With the sequencing of 12 complete euchromatic Drosophila genomes, the genus Drosophila is a leading model for comparative genomics. hi this review, we discuss the novel insights into evolutionary processes afforded by the newly available genomi[...]
Article
Anne Pringle, Auteur ;
James D. Bever, Auteur ;
Monique Gardes, Auteur ;
Jeri L. Parrent, Auteur ;
Matthias C. Rillig, Auteur ;
John N. Klironomos, Auteur
The factors that influence a plant's ability to invade are not well understood. Many mechanisms are involved and the relative importance of different mechanisms depends on the specific invasion. Here we consider one factor-mycorrhizal symbioses.[...]
Article
R. Toby Pennington, Auteur ;
Matt Lavin, Auteur ;
Ary Oliveira-Filho, Auteur
This review suggests that the ecology and patchy global distribution of seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) has distinctively structured the evolutionary history and biogeography of woody plant groups that are confined to it. SDTFs have few wi[...]
Article
Taxon-based research in evolution permits the development of a multidimensional approach, illustrated here with lessons learned from research on salamanders. The clade is widespread and diverse, yet sufficiently small that one can keep all of th[...]
Article
Jason P. Sexton, Auteur ;
Patrick J. McIntyre, Auteur ;
Amy L. Angert, Auteur ;
Kevin J. Rice, Auteur
Species range limits involve many aspects of evolution and ecology, from species distribution and abundance. e to the evolution of niches. Theory suggests myriad processes by which range limits arise, including competitive exclusion, Allee effec[...]
Article
The shallow, tropical reef environment differs from other marine environments in its more intense competition for space, more limited nutrient concentrations, proliferation of clonal animals, and greater habitat complexity. The evolutionary cons[...]
Article
Andrew Gonzalez, Auteur ;
Michel Loreau, Auteur
Ecological communities are constantly responding to environmental change. Theory and evidence suggest that the loss or decline of stress-intolerant species can be compensated for by the growth of other species. Compensatory dynamics are a long-t[...]
Article
Russell Bonduriansky, Auteur ;
Troy Day, Auteur
Modern evolutionary biology is founded on the Mendelian-genetic model of inheritance, but it is now clear that this model is incomplete. Empirical evidence shows that environment (encompassing all external influences on the genome) can impose tr[...]
Article
Belowground-feeding herbivores may be very destructive to plants. Roots are known to produce various defense compounds to protect themselves against these herbivores, both with direct and indirect-inducible-defense compounds. Recent literature r[...]
Article
Although most studies of factors contributing to successful establishment and spread of non-native species have focused on species traits and characteristics (both biotic and abiotic), increasing empirical and statistical evidence implicates pro[...]
Article
RNA viruses are the main agents of emerging disease. To understand how RNA viruses are able to jump species boundaries and spread in new hosts it is essential to determine the basic processes of evolutionary change in these infectious agents. RN[...]
Article
Shawn M. Wilder, Auteur ;
Ann L. Rypstra, Auteur ;
Mark A. Elgar, Auteur
Sexual cannibalism, the consumption of the male by the female before, during, or after mating, can be a striking example of sexual conflict with potentially large fitness consequences for males and females. In this review, we examine how ecologi[...]
Article
Jane Elith, Auteur ;
John R. Leathwick, Auteur
Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across land[...]
Article
Anurag A. Agrawal, Auteur ;
Kotaro Konno, Auteur
Latex is a sticky emulsion that exudes upon damage from specialized canals in about 10% of flowering plant species. Latex has no known primary metabolic function and has been strongly implicated in defense against herbivorous insects. Here we re[...]
Article
Pedro Barbosa, Auteur ;
Jessica Hines, Auteur ;
Ian Kaplan, Auteur ;
Holly Martinson, Auteur ;
Adrianna Szczepaniec, Auteur ;
Zsofia Szendrei, Auteur
Specific plant associations may decrease (associational resistance, AR) or increase (associational susceptibility, AS) the likelihood of detection by, and/or vulnerability to, herbivores. We discuss presumed mechanisms leading to AR and AS, sugg[...]
Article
Darwin thought evolution is slow. Evolution is slow on long time scales, but the fundamental process works on a generation-to-generation scale, not long time scales. Phenotypic variation is geometric normal, with normality reflecting its underly[...]
Article
Successful dispersal between populations leaves a genetic wake that can reveal historical and contemporary patterns of connectivity. Genetic studies of differentiation in the sea suggest the role of larval dispersal is often tempered by adult ec[...]
Article
Kathleen M. Kay, Auteur ;
Risa D. Sargent, Auteur
Although animal pollination is often proposed as a major driver of floral divergence, questions remain about its importance in plant speciation. One issue is whether pollinator specialization, traditionally thought necessary for floral isolation[...]
Article
B. J. A. Pollux, Auteur ;
M. N. Pires, Auteur ;
A. I. Banet, Auteur ;
D. N. Reznick, Auteur
The placenta is a complex organ that mediates all physiological and endocrine interactions between mother and developing embryos. Placentas have evolved throughout the animal kingdom, but little is known about how or why the placenta evolved. We[...]
Article
Lars O. Hedin, Auteur ;
E. N. Jack Brookshire, Auteur ;
Duncan N. L. Menge, Auteur ;
Alexander R. Barron, Auteur
Observations of the tropical nitrogen NI cycle over the past half century indicate that intact tropical forests tend to accumulate and recycle large quantities of N relative to temperate forests, as evidenced by plant and soil N to phosphorus (P[...]
Article
Douglas W. Schemske, Auteur ;
Gary G. Mittelbach, Auteur ;
Howard V. Cornell, Auteur ;
James M. Sobel, Auteur ;
Kaustuv Roy, Auteur
Biotic interactions are believed to play a role in the origin and maintenance of species diversity, and multiple hypotheses link the latitudinal diversity gradient to a presumed gradient in the importance of biotic interactions. Here we address [...]
Article
Phylogeography's objective-to understand the processes underlying the spatial and temporal dimensions of genetic variation-underlies both the prominence and extensive methodological transformations that characterize this nascent field. Here I di[...]
Article
Chelsea D. Specht, Auteur ;
Madelaine E. Bartlett, Auteur
plants such as Arabidopsis and maize enable us to identify genes, gene families, and gene networks that are involved in the regulation of flower initiation, growth and differentiation. These genes can then function as "candidate genes" and their[...]
Article
Deborah K. Letourneau, Auteur ;
Julie A. Jedlicka, Auteur ;
Sara G. Bothwell, Auteur ;
Carlo R. Moreno, Auteur
Claims about the role of predator diversity in maintaining ecosystem function and providing ecosystem services such as pest control are controversial, but evaluative tests are beginning to accumulate. Empirical and experimental comparisons of sp[...]
Article
Thomas Broquet, Auteur ;
Eric J. Petit, Auteur
The dispersal process, by which individuals or other dispersing agents such as gametes or seeds move from birthplace to a new settlement locality, has important consequences for the dynamics of genes, individuals, and species. Many of the questi[...]
Article
Andrew H. Baird, Auteur ;
James R. Guest, Auteur ;
Bette L. Willis, Auteur
A limited diversity of character states for reproductive traits and a robust phylogeny make scleractinian corals an ideal model organism with which to explore the evolution of life-history traits. Here, we explore systematic and biogeographical [...]
Article
Daniel L. Halligan, Auteur ;
Peter D. Keightley, Auteur
Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments, in which mutations are allowed to drift to fixation in inbred lines, have been a principal way of studying the rates and properties of new spontaneous mutations. Phenotypic assays of MA lines inform us abo[...]
