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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Wintering hummingbirds in Alabama and Florida: species diversity, sex and age ratios, and site fidelity
Auteurs :	Fred Bassett, Auteur ; Doreen Cubie, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Journal of Field Ornithology (80(2) JUN 2009)
Article en page(s) :	154-162
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	Over the past several decades, there have been numerous reports of hummingbirds wintering in the southeastern United States. However, little is known about the species present and their relative abundance. From November 1998 to March 2008, we examined the species diversity, sex and age ratios, and site fidelity of hummingbirds wintering in southern Alabama and northern Florida. We captured and banded 1598 individuals representing 10 species, and the most frequently captured species were Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus; 51.6%), Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris; 23.5%), and Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri; 16.9%). Other species captured included Buff-bellied Hummingbirds (Amazilia yucatanensis), Calliope Hummingbirds (Stellula calliope), Allen's Hummingbirds (Selasphorus sasin), Broad-tailed Hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus), Broad-billed Hummingbirds (Cynanthus latirostris), Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna), and Costa's Hummingbirds (Calypte costae). Most hummingbirds (71.8%) were captured in December and January. For most species, sex ratios were male-biased for juveniles and female-biased for adults, indicating possible differential mortality. Of 1598 hummingbirds captured, 144 representing five species returned to the same wintering location at least once. Female Rufous Hummingbirds (20.4% of individuals captured) exhibited the greatest site fidelity. Recaptures of banded Rufous Hummingbirds in autumn and early winter revealed that some individuals moved south into Alabama or Florida from Tennessee, northern Georgia, and northern Louisiana. Same-season recaptures of banded Rufous Hummingbirds suggest that their spring migration route is west along the Gulf Coast. Our results suggest that Alabama and Florida are viable overwintering areas for several species of hummingbirds, with numbers of species and individuals higher than previously recognized. However, more study is needed to confirm migration routes and to determine if Ruby-throated Hummingbirds wintering in our study area are year-round residents or migrants.

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