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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Nesting behavior and breeding success of Hoatzins
Auteurs :	Antje Muellner, Auteur ; K. Eduard Linsenmair, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Journal of Field Ornithology (78(4) DEC 2007)
Article en page(s) :	352-361
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	Hoatzins (Opisthocomus hoazin) are the only member of the family Opisthocomidae and are found only in forests in the Amazon and Orinoco river basin of South America. Although locally common in riparian habitats, information about their natural history is based almost exclusively on observations from gallery forests in the "llanos" (savannahs) of Venezuela. We investigated the nesting activities of Hoatzins in a primary rainforest in Amazonian Ecuador from 1995 to 2000. At our study site, Hoatzins live and breed in the inundated forests that surround lakes and river channels. Egg laying occurred from February to July and from September to November, but always peaked in April, May, and June. The mean clutch size was 2.4 +/- 1.1 eggs (N = 291; range = 1-7), but 51% of all clutches contained two eggs. The mean duration of the incubation period was 32 +/- 1.5 d (N = 20) and, overall, 17% of Hoatzin nests fledged at least one young. The main cause of nest failure was predation, with birds and snakes being the most frequent predators. Hoatzin reproduction was closely linked to the rainy season, and such timing may be influenced by increased food availability (high water levels cause leaf fall and the subsequent growth of new leaves coincides with the beginning of the feeding period of the young) and reduced risk of nest predation by mammalian predators when water levels are high. Our results indicate that the breeding biology of Hoatzins in tropical rainforest habitat, including small clutch sizes and low annual reproductive success, is similar to that of tropical passerines and provides further support for the existence of typical life history characteristics for tropical birds.

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