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Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (6)
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Article
When a predator is not an immediate threat, a prey may produce relatively loud alarm calls because the risk is low. Since such calls could nevertheless attract acoustically oriented predators, the cost of predator attraction must be outweighed b[...]
Article
S. Rytkonen, Auteur ; I. Krams, AuteurGreat tits Parus major have generally much poorer breeding success in northern Finland than in mid- and western Europe. The aim of this study is to find out whether the poor success is linked to foraging behaviour. This was studied by monitoring[...]
Article
I. Krams, AuteurA bird foraging al concentrated food sources such as artificial feeders or carcasses of wild animals. irrespective of its dominance rank, may be preyed upon by airborne predators with a greater probability than other flock members foraging under[...]
Article
I. Krams, AuteurIn this study on free-ranging Crested Tits Parus cristatus, I examine the relationship between social dominance and the frequency of use of long-range communication calls. Calling rates of trills were highest among socially dominant individuals [...]
Article
Recent non-experimental evidence suggests that reciprocal altruism may be more common in nature than was previously thought. Here we present experimental evidence for mobbing behaviour as reciprocal altruism in breeding Pied Flycatchers Ficedula[...]
Article
I. Krams, AuteurI studied changes in body mass in response to the presence of heterospecifics in mixed-species flocks of free-living Willow and Crested Tits. Body reserves of Willow Tits as subordinate flock members were found to be dependent on the presence of[...]
