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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Transmission and temporal dynamics of anther-smut disease (Microbotryum) on alpine carnation (Dianthus pavonius)
Auteurs :	Emily L. Bruns, Auteur ; Janis Antonovics, Auteur ; Valentina Carasso, Auteur ; Michael Hood, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Journal of Ecology (105(5) September 1, 2017)
Article en page(s) :	1413-1424
Langues:	Anglais
Mots-clés:	age-specific resistance ; demography ; epidemiology ; frequency-dependent transmission ; mixed transmission ; plant pathogen ; sterilizing disease ; vector transmission
Résumé :	* Theory has shown that sterilizing diseases with frequency-dependent transmission (characteristics shared by many sexually transmitted diseases) can drive host populations to extinction. * Anther-smut disease (caused by Microbotryum sp.) has become a model plant pathogen system for studying the dynamics of vector- and sexually transmitted diseases: infected individuals are sterilized, producing spores instead of pollen, and the disease is spread between reproductive individuals by insect pollinators. We investigated anther-smut disease in a heavily infected population of Dianthus pavonius (alpine carnation) over an 8-year period to determine disease impacts on host population dynamics. * Over the 8 years, disease prevalence remained consistently high (>40%), while the host population numbers declined by over 50%. * The observed rate of vector transmission to reproductive, adult hosts was inadequate to explain the high disease prevalence. Additional density-dependent aerial transmission to highly susceptible juveniles, indicated from experimental field and greenhouse studies, is likely to play a key role in maintaining the high disease prevalence. * Epidemiological models that accounted for the mixed transmission mode predicted an eventual decline in disease. * Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that high prevalence of a sterilizing disease does not necessarily drive host populations towards extinction and also highlights the importance of demographic studies for establishing the presence of alternative transmission modes.
En ligne :	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12751/abstract

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