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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Acidification and eutrophication: insights into wildfowl-fish competition
Auteurs :	C. E. McParland, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Wildfowl (55 2005)
Article en page(s) :	143-156
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	Wildfowl managers are often advised to discourage the introduction of fish into wetlands because competition between fish and wildfowl for invertebrate prey negatively affects the quality of breeding habitat and duckling growth rates. In the last three decades, research on this competition has been performed under the umbrella of two management issues: the effects of acidification on wildfowl and fish in oligotrophic (tow-nutrient) takes and the effects of biomanipulations (fish removals to reduce nuisance algae) on take communities in mesotrophic to hypertrophic Lakes. In both types of studies, regardless of the fish and bird fauna involved, the focus has been on the effects of fish extirpations or removals on invertebrates and thus on the birds that compete with the fish for invertebrate prey. However, some of the ways in which fish are removed or lost from takes may not necessarily result in benefits to wildfowl, because (1) in acidic takes, low pH can also have negative effects on the birds and (2) some methods used to remove fish in biomanipulations can negatively affect the very invertebrates upon which birds feed. Thus, although these fish removal/extinction-based studies have addressed the issues of acid precipitation and eutrophication in Lakes, they do not always unequivocally show that fish are responsible for reduced invertebrate abundance and reduction of wildfowl habitat quality. Removal studies may not, therefore, provide an adequate basis for advising managers to discourage fish introductions into wetlands. The merits and pitfalls of these fish removal/extinction-based studies of wildfowl-fish competition are reviewed. Additionally, a more direct approach to studying wildfowl-fish competition and to assessing the effects of fish introductions on invertebrates and wildfowl is suggested - namely, adding fish experimentally to wetlands.

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