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Article
Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt, Auteur ; Dries P. J. Kuijper, Auteur ; Marius Adam, Auteur ; Robert L. Beschta, Auteur ; Marcin Churski, Auteur ; Amy Eycott, Auteur ; Graham I. H. Kerley, Auteur ; Atle Mysterud, Auteur ; Krzysztof Schmidt, Auteur ; Kate West, AuteurThere is a growing theoretical basis for the role of predation risk as a driver of trophic interactions, conceptualized as the ecology of fear'. However, current ungulate management ignores the role of nonlethal risk effects of predation. We int[...]
Article
Robert L. Beschta, Auteur ; William J. Ripple, AuteurLarge predators potentially can help shape the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet strong evidence of top-down herbivore limitation has not been widely reported in the scientific literature. Herein we synthesize outcomes of [...]
Article
William J. Ripple, Auteur ; Robert L. Beschta, AuteurThe strength of top-down forces in terrestrial food webs is highly debated as there are few examples illustrating the role of large mammalian carnivores in structuring biotic and abiotic systems. Based on the results of this study we hypothesize[...]
Article
William J. Ripple, Auteur ; Robert L. Beschta, AuteurWolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995-1996. We present data on a recent trophic cascade involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Yellowstone's northern winter range that doc[...]
Article
Robert L. Beschta, Auteur ; William J. Ripple, AuteurDuring the seven decades of gray wolf (Canis lupus) absence in Yellowstone National Park intensive browsing by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) suppressed the growth of young deciduous woody plants within the park's northern ungulate winter r[...]
Article
William J. Ripple, Auteur ; Robert L. Beschta, AuteurUsing a historical reconstruction, we discovered a potential trophic cascade involving cougar (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) in the Yosemite Valley of Yosemite National Park in Cali[...]
Article
William J. Ripple, Auteur ; Robert L. Beschta, AuteurThe 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tre[...]
