|
Résumé :
|
Germany would naturally be covered by forests; the main proportion would be European beech. In the context of global distribution of beech, Germany has a special responsibility to preserve and support typical species of beech forests. During two research and development projects in 1998-2002 and 2012-2014, breeding bird communities in lowland beech forests of north-eastern Germany were studied. The primary aim of the studies was to develop guidelines and thresholds for sustainable, naturalness-promoting forest management and to evaluate their implementation approx. ten years later. Additionally, unmanaged stands with different periods of time of management abandonment were investigated. In 18 study sites with a total area of more than 600 ha, an extended territory mapping with ten visits per period was performed between mid March and mid-July. The breeding bird abundances were used to highlight differences between management types regarding to the avifauna on the one hand and to evaluate the development of single species in a ten-year comparison on the other hand.With respect to the composition of the breeding bird community, study sites under naturalness promoting management differ clearly from differently managed sites. They develop more similar to some long-term unmanaged sites. This applies also for the development of the breeding bird species within the last decade. The positive effect of naturalness-promoting management on the biodiversity of breeding birds is already measurable after one decade of a changed harvesting regime. This becomes apparent in the higher abundances as in differently managed and recently unmanaged sites as well as in the highest number of breeding bird species with increasing tendencies. In unmanaged sites, changes are hardly to determine (recently unmanaged sites) or apply only for single bird species and due to breakdown of large parts of the study site (long-term unmanaged sites).
|