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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Salinity tolerance of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus as it relates to postlarval and juvenile survival, distribution, and growth in estuaries
Auteurs :	I. P. Saoud, Auteur ; D. A. Davis, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Estuaries (26(4A) AUG 2003)
Article en page(s) :	970-974
Résumé :	The brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, is the major component of the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery, and it is critical that we understand its environmental requirements. Brown shrimp spend a large portion of their postlarval (PL) and juvenile life within estuaries distributed along salinity gradients and yet our understanding of the salinity tolerance of various age groups is limited. A series of 48-hr bioassays were conducted in which various ages of F aztecus (PL-10, PL-13, PL-15, PL-17, PL-20, and PL-23) were acclimated from a salinity of 26% to 1parts per thousand, 2parts per thousand, 4parts per thousand, 8parts per thousand, 12parts per thousand, and 26parts per thousand in order to determine their tolerance to these salinities. Finally, PL-80 E aztecus were transferred directly from 25parts per thousand to 2parts per thousand, 4parts per thousand, and 8parts per thousand waters to study the effects of rapid salinity reductions on juvenile survival. Survival of 10- and 13-day-old PLs was significantly different from the control (26parts per thousand) for all salinities tested. Survival of PL-15 shrimp and older was significantly lower than survival of the controls at I 1parts per thousand and 2parts per thousand but similar to the control at all other salinities tested. A 4-wk growth trial was conducted with juvenile shrimp at 2parts per thousand, 4parts per thousand, 8parts per thousand, and 1parts per thousand. There was no significant difference in survival among treatments, although shrimp maintained at 8parts per thousand and 12parts per thousand grew significantly more than shrimp maintained at 2parts per thousand and 4parts per thousand. There was no growth difference between shrimp at the two low salinities or between shrimp at the two high salinities. Survival of juveniles transferred directly from 25parts per thousand to various salinities were 100% at 25parts per thousand, 94.2% at 8parts per thousand, 67.3% at 4parts per thousand, and 63.5% at 2parts per thousand. These results suggest that PL-13 and younger brown shrimp would have a better chance of survival by delaying entry into estuaries susceptible to rapid salinity declines. The brown shrimp juveniles would be more densely distributed in areas with salinities greater than 4parts per thousand than in salinities less than 4parts per thousand. Although food availability and bottom type also affect shrimp distribution survival and growth, salinity may also greatly affect the shrimp and its fishery.

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