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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	The impact of hydrological fluctuations on shallow groundwater hydrochemistry under two alluvial meadows
Auteurs :	L. Krebs, Auteur ; J. Corbonnois, Auteur ; S. Muller, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Hydrobiologia (410 1999)
Article en page(s) :	195-206
Résumé :	Groundwater ionic profiles, with particular regard to bioavailable nutrient (N, P, and K) levels, were studied in a flooding alluvial grassland of the river Meuse. The observed variations were related to different groundwater levels and hydrological events (rises in groundwater), the vegetation types and the human practices (cutting, ploughing). A network of 20 piezometers was installed with regard to the vegetation type, the groundwater table level and agricultural practices and was located in the fairly wet meadows. Comparison of water ionic levels between Meuse surface water and groundwater table shows the efficiency of nutrient retention of the different compartments of the plant-soil ecosystem. Grassland ecosystem, by its absorption and transfer functions, modifies the chemical characteristics of shallow groundwater. A comparative study was carried out during the growing season on groundwater hydrochemistry in two meadow ecosystems (a tall forbs formation with Filipendula ulmaria and its homologous grassland type, the Senecioni-Oenanthetum mediae) and a ploughed soil. At the same time sampling and nutrient content analyses of above and underground biomass were carried out in the two meadows which differ not only by their floristic composition but also by their groundwater table level. The lowest groundwater N, P and K levels were found under the wettest meadow with the tall forbs formation, but total nutrient amounts in vegetation (above- and below-ground biomass) did not differ consistently between the two meadows. Plant pools of N, P and K were mainly located in below-ground organs in both meadows and the annual outputs through hay removal were quantitatively the most important in the Senecioni-Oenanthetum mediae association (the driest meadow). It appeared from these results that groundwater N, P and K availability was lower in the wettest meadow. The lower N, P and K concentrations in the shallow groundwater under the tall forbs formation can not be closely related to the vegetation but rather to a higher water table level.

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