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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Semper's (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems
Auteurs :	J. S. Ryland, Auteur ; S. de Putron, Auteur ; R. S. Scheltema, Auteur ; P. J. Chimonides, Auteur ; D. G. Zhadan, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Hydrobiologia (440(1-3) DEC 2000)
Article en page(s) :	191-198
Résumé :	Semper's larvae were obtained from 1800 plankton rows taken in the world's oceans (1964-1993). Zoanthellae (larvae of Sphenopidae) occurred at 217 stations acid zoanthinae (larvae of Zoanthidae) at 86. the two larval types showing distributions clearly delimited by a minimum sea temperature (similar to 22 degreesC for zoanthellae, similar to 18 degreesC for zoanthinae: a statistically significant difference, P2-8.6 mm and of zoanthinae similar to1.5-5.9 mm. Endodermal zooxanthellae were present in 9/24 zoanthinae but in no zoanthellae (of 19). Three larvae contained all endo-commensal/parasitic amphipod. Septa were externally visible in larger zoanthinae and were counted in transverse sections of other larvae, a majority of which (both kinds) had 12 septa, the normal maximum. The pattern was brachycnemic in 40/43 larvae and anomalous (but nonmacrocnemic) in three. If macrocnemic genera reproduce by Semper's larvae. they; should have been represented in such a large sample. The distribution of adult Epizoanthus was examined: many species are deep sea (recorded down to similar to 5000 m) but shallow-water species are relatively plentiful in, for example, the Adriatic and North Seas. No Semper's larva has ever been recorded from either, Some Parazoanthus species also occur in shallow water, especially associated with western Atlantic reef sponges. If they produce Semper's larvae, these have never been found, It is probable that macrocnemic zoanthids settle from planulae that do not develop into recognizable zoanthellae or zoanthinae.

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