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Résumé :
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Numerous studies show that the current global climatic change results in an expansion, or a lesser regression, of thermophilic species. These works limit themselves in time to the last decades and they sometimes used global analyses. The publication, by 1850, of ornithological syntheses in three regions of France gives the opportunity to look for the effects of the global warming on birds populations over one and a half century, in a country on the border of two climatic zones with wide landscape diversity. The comparison of avifaunas over this period shows a regression of the thermophiles species in the non mediterranean regions, and a progress of the northern species in the two Mediterranean regions, dynamic which go against the forecast based on the current evolution of climate. This result reflected the progress of the forest surfaces in France because of the decrease of the agricultural and pastoral activities, because the Mediterranean birds are all open land species, and because the European forest birds have a northern distribution. On the scale of century, the effect of landscapes change on the avifauna hides the effects of climate warming.
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