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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Dispersal and choice of wintering- and moulting grounds of Mute Swans Cygnus olor ringed as juveniles in Western Lower Saxony (2012)
Auteurs :	Volker Bluem, Auteur ; Axel Degen, Auteur ; Helmut Kruckenberg, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwarte (50(3) AUG 2012)
Article en page(s) :	155-168
Langues:	Allemand
Résumé :	The migration of Mute Swans has not been studied extensively in Northwestern Germany before, in contrast to neighbouring countries. We describe movements of Mute Swans in the first autumn of their lifes as well as their distribution while wing-moulting and wintering before their first settlement as breeders. We mostly consider the first five years in the lifes of the birds. From 1998 to 2006, we marked altogether 316 juvenile Mute Swans with neck collars at their places of birth in Western Lower Saxony. Most markings were carried out in the marshes of the River Ems close to the North Sea Coast. For a total of 217 birds, we are able to describe at least movements in their first winter.In the first autumn, 92% of the juveniles stayed close to their places of birth. In the first winter, still 62.6% stayed there, the other birds moving on parallel to the North Sea Coast, either in southwestern or in northeastern direction. Movements in the second winter were on average significantly farther than in the first winter, whereas from the second to the fifth winter, the mean distances decreased significantly. We did not find any sex-specific differences in choosing wintering places.Second-year birds moulted on average 125 km and in maximum 311 km away form their places of birth; a moult close to the place of birth only occured in few cases. Similar to the wintering grounds, moulting grounds were situated mostly either southwest or northeast of the places of birth, some of them even at the Baltic Sea. Differences between sexes were not found. Single birds used the same moulting ground for up to six successive years, whereas other individuals changed the moulting grounds over large distances.Birds marked farther away from the coast in southern parts of the study area followed migration routes almost parallel to those of the birds born closer to the coast. Birds originating from inland populations did not have many spatial contacts with those from the populations breeding closer to the coast. Although birds born close to the North Sea Coast regularly moult at the Baltic Sea, an exchange with birds from breeding populations of Eastern Germany could not be found.

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