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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	The Rock Bunting (Emberiza cia) a bird species tolerating great climate differences (2011)
Auteurs :	Ingolf Schuphan, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwarte (49(3) AUG 2011)
Article en page(s) :	129-136
Langues:	Allemand
Résumé :	In Central Europe the Rock Bunting (Emberiza cia) is distributed in climatically favored areas in its most northern parts of the distribution. These areas are characterized as steep rocky, sunny areas with southerly exposure and terrace vine cultivation along the rivers Ahr, Mosel, Middle-Rhine, Nahe and Main. In contrast the Rock Bunting in the southern Black Forest and the Vosges is distributed at altitudes above 1000 m (in Switzerland above 2300 m). The habitats of the Rock Bunting in the mountains are steep, rocky areas with southerly exposure, often even steep forest clear cuttings or rolled lumber areas. In March and April, after occupation of the territories, these high located places are often very cold, windy, cloudy and rainy even beyond the first part of the breeding period. The southerly exposition of all territories even in high altitudes can be connected with the promoted insect development on such hillsides. The caterpillars available to raise up the first offspring generation of the Rock Bunting and the development of locusts which are the main food for the second brood are basic demands in both habitats. At the climatic mild foot of the southern Black Forest the Rock Bunting is not present, as well not at the climatic favored foot of the Vosges, the steep vineyards of the famous wine growing area Alsace. It is remarkable that spruce clear cuttings (up to 600 m) in the Palatine Forest (Pfalzerwald), 150 km north of the Vosges, were temporary inhabited by the Rock Bunting but not the climatic mild steep vineyards at the foot of the Palatine Forest. Therefore it can be concluded that the settling took place from the mountain adapted Rock Bunting population of the Vosges and not from the northern population of the Middle Rhine that is adapted to warm temperature. It is hypothesized that the northern and the southern Rock Buntings each form a separate metapopulation and their different behavior will not reflect their phenotypic plasticity only.

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