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Résumé :
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Ringing recoveries show that Scandinavien Shorelarks winter mainly along the North Sea coast. Birds wintering in eastern European most probably belong to the Russian breeding population. Nominate Twites breed mainly in Norway and winter along the North Sea coast and away from the coast in eastern and central Europe. Eastern European birds migrate via the western Baltic Sea and western birds along the southern North Sea coast to Scandinavia. Twites of Britain and Ireland winter close to the breeding areas or migrate to Scotland, Ireland, eastern England, the Netherlands and Belgium. Snow Buntings wintering at the North Sea mainly belong to the Icelandic subspecies P. n. insulae, the origin of the nominate birds is still unknown. A summary of European breeding and wintering populations suggests an overestimate of the total breeding population for Shorelarks and Twites. The Wadden Sea coast is for scandinavian Shorelarks (>53%) and Twites (>47%) the most important wintering area in Europe.
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