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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	[The breeding biology of the wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) in intensively managed areas in Rhineland-Palatinate.]
Auteurs :	Martin Buchmann, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwarte (41(1) Oktober, 2001)
Article en page(s) :	1-17
Langues:	Allemand
Résumé :	Since 1995 long-term studies have been carried out on colour-marked Wheatear populations in 8 isolated areas (wine-growing regions and sandpits) in Rhinehessen-Palatinate. Out of approximately 300 pairs 150 resp. 100 pairs go to the two largest populations near to Gundersheim and Bad Duerkheim-Leistadt. It has so far been possible to ring resp. mark a total of 4657 wheatears. The first to arrive back to the breeding area end March/ early in April were several-year old males. Nest building in which cooperated mostly both sexes took around one week. About 20 days after their arrival the females started egg-laying. The median for the laying date of all first broods was the 4th May, the median of pairs with two broods the 28th April resp. the 9th June. Which means an interval of 42 days between first and second broods. The average clutch size was 4.67 eggs +- 1.0. A calendar effect could be clearly recognized. The mean incubation period was 13 days and the nestling period approximately 2 weeks. The time interval between the loss of the brood and laying date of the repeat clutches was 5.9 +- 1.6 days on average. Depending on the population repeat clutches followed in 42.9% to 85.3 % of the cases. Second broods could only follow those first broods of which the laying date was before the 7th May. Depending on the area examined the medium share of the second broods was between 10.0% and 32.5%. Breeding birds with two broods have mainly been several years old (20.3 % resp. 24.8% of the several-year old birds as compared with 8.3% each of the males and females of the year before produced a second brood). In the different areas the nest success was between 55.8% and 79.4%, the hatching success between 94.6% and 97.3%, the fledging success between 90.9% and 94.8%, and the total breeding success between 52.9% and 75.3%. In Gundersheim and Leistadt 3.64 resp. 4.23 young birds per female fledged on average. The share of non-hatched eggs of 2.4% in the case of second broods was the lowest one. The nest success with second broods of 83.15% was the highest one. The most frequent reasons for losses in the vineyards were mice, weasels, stoats, and, in certain regions, garden dormice, and in the pits the reasons were the permanent relief changes caused by the winning of sands and stones. Weather factors did not play any role.

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