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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Nestboxes as habitat for insects, especially for flies and their parasitoids (2008)
Auteurs :	Rudolf Abraham, Auteur ; Ralph S. Peters, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwarte (46(3) AUG 2008)
Article en page(s) :	195-205
Langues:	Allemand
Résumé :	'Ihe insect fauna from about 500 nest boxes was investigated after the birds had left the nests. The insects were collected out of the nest material or were captured with an emergence trap. All species found belong to the known guilds: Blood sucking parasites, saprophagous species, predators or parasitoids, The foodweb of the cyclorrhaphous flies and their parasitoids is shown as a part of the choriocoenosis in the nests. 32 species of 10 fly families were found. The bird blow fly Protocalliphora azurea (Calliphoridae) and its parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) are nidicole species. The parasitoid kills about 40% of the blow fly puparia which is an advantage for the birds. A second blow fly P falcozi was only found in Southern Germany. 'Ihis species wraps most of the puparia with material of the nest which protects them from parasitism. The unwrapped puparia suffer a similar infestation as R azurea.Two more parasitoids (Dibrachys cavus and D. lignicola, Pteromalidae) were found in the puparia of two tachinid flies (Triarthria setipennis and Ocytata pallipes) which are parasitoids of the common European earwig (Forficula auricularia, Forficulidae). The food chain earwig -> tachinid fly -> Dibrachys spp. belongs to another choriocoenosis which describes the fauna of the earwig shelters. It overlaps in the nest box with the choriocoenosis of the nidicole insects.The catches of fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllidae) with an emergence trap show that the adult fleas leave the box during autumn and winter. The new generation emerges in springtime of the following year.Many species of saprophagous insects live in the nest. They suffer very low parasitism rates. The insects feed on microorganisms and contribute to the destruction of the nest material. Normally this has no effect in nest boxes because these arc cleaned whereas the saprophagous species may be important in natural holes. The effect of the keratin feeding White-shouldered House-moth (Endrosis sarcitrella, Oecophoridae) is demonstrated.

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