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Résumé :
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Ornithosis is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci which was detected in many european wild bird species. There might be many birds affected within a species. Recently there were a few reports of human infections after cleaning nest-boxes. But this review shows, that ornithosis is a rare disease (annually 150 cases in Germany, 100 in the United States) affecting mostly people with very close contact to poultry (poultry farmers), aviaries or pigeons (breeders). There is no evidence, that cleaning of nest-boxes is of high risk. Ornithosis causes atypical pneumonia, severe headaches and fever but can efficiently be treated with antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline, chinolone, macrolide). Ornithologists have to inform their physician about the possibility of their symptoms being caused by bird contact. Further rare illnesses (histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, alveolitis) caused by birds are discussed.
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