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Titre :	Population dynamics of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia in Oberschwaben (South Germany) - a critical balance of release activities (2007)
Auteurs :	Ute Reinhard, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Vogelwarte (45(2) MAY 2007)
Article en page(s) :	81-102
Langues:	Allemand
Résumé :	This paper analyses all available data from 887 broods of the White Stork population of Oberschwaben (South-Wiirttemberg) from 1948 to 2004. Like in other Central European regions the population of the White Stork in Oberschwaben decreased significantly since the beginning of systematic censuses at the end of the 1940s. This decline concerned both the breeding and the non-breeding population. Beginning in the middle of the 1980ies an increase of the breeding population was observed resulting from releasing White Storks reared in captivity in the Oberschwaben breeding area and in surrounding regions. The breeding population of "wild." (i.e. migrating) White Storks increased only recently. Beginning in the middle of the 1960ies the breeding success of the Oberschwaben population showed a continuous decrease which was particularly drastic from the beginning of the 1980ies on. The continously declining breeding success cannot be explained by changes in climate, changes in clutch size or in hatching success. As well, breeding experience, ages of breeding partners and date of egg-laying are of no significance. Until the middle of the 1960ies the diminishing of feeding habitats was mainly responsible for the decline of breeding success, the further decline since the early 1980ies was mainly due to the settlement of non-migrating White Storks (released individuals and their non-migrating descendants, "Projektstbrche"). Non-migrating White Storks which are not fed during breeding period are less successful than migrating ones: The average breeding success of the migrating pairs in the period 1981-2004 was 1,86 fledged young per pair, whereas the average success of the non-migrating pairs was 1,29; in mixed pairs the migration status of the male is deciding for this feature. Early breeding is, as often assumed, not a disadvantage. There is some evidence, that one of the reasons of reduced breeding success of non-migrating White Storks is a reduced ability to collect food. Further problems caused by releasing projects are shown and especially discussed with regard to descendants of non-migrants.

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