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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Natural history and conservation of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus in Argentina
Auteurs :	Rosendo M. Fraga, Auteur ; Hernan Casanas, Auteur ; German Pugnali, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Bird Conservation International (8(3) Sept., 1998)
Article en page(s) :	255-267
Langues:	Anglais
Résumé :	Based on 21,518 km of road surveys, the Argentinian range of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus now seems confined to two small and disjunct areas in Corrientes and Entre Rios provinces, north-east Argentina. In Corrientes the species inhabits natural pastures and rice-fields; in Entre Rios agropastoral land. Estimates based on numbers of localities and flock sizes suggest a Saffron-cowled Blackbird population Of 500-1,000 individuals. This blackbird is highly gregarious. Mean flock size (n = 30, non-breeding period) was 31.9 birds (range: 6-102), and was significantly larger in Entre Rios. In Corrientes foraging blackbird flocks associated mostly with the Black-and-White Monjita Xolmis dominicana, in Entre Rios with the Brown-and-Yellow Marshbird Pseudoleistes virescens. Nesting in both provinces was colonial, with up to 24 nests in a 0.43 ha plot. Nests were built in native and introduced herbaceous plants. The Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitized 29.2% of the nests in one colony; its eggs and chicks are larger than those of the host. Plausible reasons for the species's extinction or decline at a local level are drainage of wetlands (south-west Buenos Aires Province) and the replacement of pastures with pine and eucalypt plantations in Corrientes. General threats include trapping for the pet trade and increased cowbird parasitism. Flocks below a minimum size may not be viable. An urgent measure of protection would be the fencing and preservation of traditional colony sites.

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