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Increasing group size dilutes black fly attack rate in Black Grouse

Osmo Ratti, Auteur ; Ulriikka Ojanen, Auteur ; Pekka Helle, Auteur

Dans Ornis Fennica (83(2) 2006)

Black flies (Simuliidae) have been observed to harass Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in northern Finland during summer. We studied experimentally whether group size affects the attack rate of black flies on Black Grouse. The increase in flock size[...]

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