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Résumé :
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The ocellated lizard is a typical species of Mediterranean open grounds. Its former and current geographic distribution are studied at national and local scales by means of various sources: inquiries with naturalists, field search, bibliographical and museum search. This analysis shows a decline of the species during the last 150 years, the result being a fragmentation of the distribution area and the loss of at least six continental populations, and of one to two insular populations out of the three historically known. These losses concern not only isolated populations at the edge of the distribution area, but also Mediterranean populations. The destruction and current evolution of the habitats seem to be mostly responsible for this decline, especially open grounds reafforestation due to rural exodus. This thermophilous species doesn't seem to have taken benefit of the climatic reheating attested during the considered period. The present situation is probably more a consequence of changes in human activities than the result of climatic modifications.
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