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Résumé :
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According to calculations, the annual proportion of non-breeding males in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in a study area in Lower Saxony (LS), Germany, was about 80% in yearlings (Sternberg, 1989). In order to detect non-breeders in populations and to determine their age and colour type, removal experiments were conducted in 1974 and 1976 on long-term used plots in LS and in 2000 on newly arranged plots in the Moscow Region (MR), Russia. The breeding populations of these study areas were similar in age structure but differed in recruitment rate (9% and
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