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Titre :	Ruddy ducks breeding in the United Kingdom in 1994
Auteurs :	Baz Hughes, Auteur ; Mark Underhill, Auteur ; Simon Delany, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	British Birds (91(8) Aug., 1998)
Article en page(s) :	336-353
Résumé :	A national survey of Ruddy Ducks Oxyura jamaicensis in the UK was carried out in 1994 via the Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) network. Of 667 sites visited, 311 held Ruddy Ducks. Most of those breeding were in northern and central England, with 11% in Scotland, new breeding areas in southern England and 11 breeding females in Northern Ireland. Most sites held only one or two pairs, with a maximum of ten at Mickletown Ings, West Yorkshire. Broods were reported from 92 sites (30% of those with Ruddy Ducks). Mean brood size fell from 4.2 ducklings for newly hatched broods to 3.0 ducklings at fledging, somewhat smaller than brood sizes reported from North America. Most broods less than 27 days old were attended only by a female, 14% were accompanied by both a male and a female, and 2% by only a male. The proportion of broods unattended by adults increased from 2% at less than nine days old to 70% for those older than 27 days. Creches were observed on only three occasions, but individual females were suspected to have reared two broods at six sites. Most breeding sites were relatively small lakes, both man-made and natural, 65% of which had some protected status, and 86% of which suffered human disturbance. The UK population was estimated at 641-780 breeding females, but is likely to be even higher, since a number of breeding sites probably remain unknown. This is supported by crude population-modelling, which, based on a mid-winter population of 3,300 birds, suggests a breeding population of 780-974 females.

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