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Résumé :
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This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge of Mediterranean wetlands in the sense of the Ramsar Convention and their recent trends, largely based on the results produced by the Mediterranean Wetlands Observatory. It shows an overall picture of continued loss and degradation of Mediterranean wetlands, in terms of numbers, diversity, surface area, abundance of wetland-dependent species, etc. Among the key factors explaining this situation are urbanization, the development of agriculture, dam construction, and increasing water consumption. The capacity of Mediterranean wetlands to provide ecosystem services has therefore declined. However, the countries continue to commit to the protection of wetlands and the number of sites designated under the Ramsar Convention continues to increase—although implementation of their management plans remains an issue.
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