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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Chapter 3: Biodiversity and ecosystem services

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Titre :	Chapter 3: Biodiversity and ecosystem services
Auteurs :	Daniel Cebrian, Auteur ; Nelly Bourlion, Auteur ; Dania Abdul Malak, Auteur ; Katia Aikas, Auteur ; Elisa Alcázar, Auteur ; Julie Belmont, Auteur ; Florence Descroix-Comanducciv, Auteur ; Maria Mar, Auteur ; Kelly Fouchy, Auteur ; Elie Gaget, Auteur ; Thomas Galewski, Auteur ; Valentina Garavaglia, Auteur ; Ilse Geijzendorffer, Auteur ; Samir Grimes, Auteur ; Anis Guelmami, Auteur ; Yves Hénocque, Auteur ; Lilia Khodjet, Auteur ; Lourdes Lázaro, Auteur ; Ana Marín Guerrero, Auteur ; Célia Le Ravallec, Auteur ; Tassos Krommydas, Auteur ; Catherine Numa, Auteur ; Christian Perennou, Auteur ; Nadège Popoff, Auteur ; Nicolas Picard, Auteur ; Marie Romani, Auteur ; Maylis Salivas, Auteur
Type de document :	Chapitre
Editeur :	Marseille; France : Plan Bleu Regional Activity Centre, 2020
Format :	83–118
Langues:	Anglais
Mots-clés :	TdV ; zone méditerranéenne ; Biodiversité ; Espace protégé ; Zone humide ; Zone littorale ; Mer Méditerranée
Résumé :	Mediterranean Coastal and marine ecosystems have a high level of biodiversity and endemism. The Mediterranean Sea is considered a biodiversity hotspot, representing just 0.3% of the global ocean volume while hosting 7% of identified global marine species, with the highest rate of endemism (20-30%) of marine species in the world. Driven by human activities in recent decades, Mediterrane- an biodiversity has experienced increasing human-induced pressures such as pollution, the overexploitation of biological resources, land-use change and coastal infrastructure development, changes in fluvial dynamics, increasing sea use and climate change effects. These pressures have reduced the extent of wild areas and natural ecosystems on land and at sea, and have altered the ecosystems’ capacity to provide ecosystem services that are vital to humans. Around 11% of marine species and 14% of coast- al terrestrial species are threatened with extinction, most of which are endemic. Non-indigenous species are increasingly present in the Mediterranean Sea, with a total of more than 1,000 non-indigenous marine species record- ed, of which more than 100 are invasive. United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) has made biodiversity one of the main pillars of its Ecosystem Approach, with the aim of achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) of the Mediterranean Sea and supporting the development of effective action to safeguard and restore biodiversity. Such action must be undertaken urgently to avoid irreversible losses in terms of ecosystem services and biodiversity. One measure that has been proven effective, if implemented correctly, consists in setting up Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). MPA coverage has increased throughout the past decade, and is close to the 10% coverage set as a 2020 objective in the Aichi Targets. However, management effectiveness and enforcement remain challenging.
En ligne :	https://planbleu.org/soed/
in :	State of the Environment and Development in the Mediterranean
Traduit sous le titre :	Chapitre 3 : Biodiversité et systèmes écosystémiques / Daniel Cebrian (2020)

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